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How Does ADHD Medication Work? When one neuron sends an electrical signal to another, it makes use of neurotransmitters, which are chemicals that act as. These chemicals must cross a small gap that is called a synapse. Some ADHD medications can increase the efficiency of these messages. They may help neurons release neurotransmitters more frequently or slow down the reuptake (called Reuptake inhibitors). Doctors start ADHD patients with a lower dose and then monitor their response. They adjust the dosage over time to determine the “sweet spot” -the lowest dosage that provides clear improvement in symptoms with few adverse effects. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate, the first medication that doctors attempt to use to help ADHD children, is usually Methylphenidate. It increases the amount of norepinephrine as well as dopamine in the brains of children, which aids them in paying attention and stay focused. It also reduces their impulsivity and hyperactivity. It is important to remember that methylphenidate is a controlled drug and should only be used under the supervision of a physician. Ritalin is the most commonly used methylphenidate drug. It's available as tablets with immediate release (Ritalin, Concerta, or Quillichew ER), long-acting chewable tablets (Cotempla XR-ODT or Adhansia XR) or long-acting capsules (Adhansia PM or Jornay PM). Certain versions of the medication contain aspartame (an artificial sweetener), which can be dangerous for those with phenylketonuria, an inherited condition causing severe intellectual disability. Inform your doctor if or your child have food allergies. Researchers have found that methylphenidate can reduce aberrant activity, especially in the accumbens' nucleus as well as a network of brain networks involved in the process of adaptive control. This could explain why methylphenidate is considered to be one of the most effective drugs to treat ADHD. The effects of stimulants can be averted that can include the loss of appetite and sleepiness, stomach upset, headache, anxiety or disturbances and the tics. These are rare but can be serious. If you experience any of them, you should call your doctor right away. You should also tell your doctor if you or your child suffers from allergies or the presence of heart disease, bipolar disorder, depression or other mental health problems such as glaucoma, a history of seizures or stroke, or if you are taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) like isocarboxazid (Marplan), linezolid (Zyvox) and the methylene blue, or phenelzine (Nardil). It is crucial to take your methylphenidate exactly according to the doctor's prescription. Amphetamines Amphetamines speed up messages between brain cells. They can help you concentrate your thoughts and stay clear of distractions. They are among the most commonly prescribed medications to treat ADHD in children and adults. They increase the levels neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine in your brain. Amphetamines come in short-acting (immediate release) and intermediate- or long-acting form. They can be consumed orally or through injection. Some people have a hard time with the side effects of stimulant medication like restlessness, difficulty sleeping or an increase in heart rate and blood pressure. Your doctor will monitor your symptoms and adjust the dose to determine the most effective one for you. Some people may need to take a mix of medicines to achieve the desired effect. Drugs that stimulate the brain affect two key neurotransmitters located in the prefrontal cortex. This is the region of the brain which regulates emotions and manages your behavior. These medications are prescribed for a broad range of mental health conditions that include ADD/ADHD, as well as other conditions such as bipolar disorder, narcolepsy and eating disorders. The most commonly used kinds of stimulant drugs are methylphenidates and amphetamines. The FDA has approved dozens of brand-name stimulants to treat ADHD. They are available in a variety of forms ranging from short-acting stimulants to long-acting stimulants – and can be taken orally, or in a injection. Amphetamines can be abused by teenagers who take them to stay awake and study for tests, or by truck drivers and students who need an extra boost of energy to compete in endurance sports. They can also cause psychological and physical problems if misused, especially with higher doses. ADHD can be treated using non-stimulant drugs. They include atomoxetine and clonidine and guanfacine. They are in the same class as antidepressants and belong to the norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors and alpha-2 adrenergic agonists classes. They are based on the same chemicals as stimulants, but they are less likely to cause tics worse, which is a problem for those with Tourette's Syndrome. Short-acting stimulants These medications are prescribed to treat teens and children suffering from ADHD. They can be taken by mouth or applied on the skin. They come in pills that can be chewed, swallowed, or swallowed and capsules that can be opened and sprinkled on food items, as well as liquids and patches. They are typically only available with a doctor's prescription. These include methylphenidate (brand names Ritalin, Concerta, Focalin, Daytrana), and amphetamines (Adderall, Dexedrine, Vyvanse). Short-acting stimulants work fast and last for about 3 to 6 hours. These drugs relieve symptoms for 70-80% of adults and children with ADHD. They reduce fidgeting and interruptions, and make it easier for you to complete your tasks. They can also improve relationships and academic performance. They can't correct the root issues that are the cause of ADHD. It is crucial to integrate them with behavioral therapy. It's also important to recognize that ADHD medicines have side effects. They can make you sleepy or cranky, and can affect your sleep. These effects are usually minor and will disappear when the medication has left your system. Your doctor might recommend taking only a small amount at first and then increase it gradually. They'll watch to see how the medication affects your child or you, and check for any issues. It may take time to find the appropriate medication and dose for your child or yourself. It is recommended to speak openly with your health care team. They might suggest an increase in the amount of medication that you or your child is taking or if a medication is needed at any time. They'll also want to know if you or your child suffer from any other medical or mental issues. Intermediate stimulants Stimulants control ADHD symptoms by altering the activity of neurotransmitters in the brain. This can increase the levels of dopamine as well as norepinephrine, two chemicals that are essential for the functioning of the pre-frontal cortex of the brain (think of it as your “secretary” in the executive function part of your brain). Most kids who suffer from ADHD respond well to stimulant medications. Your doctor will work with you to figure out which type of medication and dose is best for you. You may have to try different kinds of medications before settling on the one that is right for you or your child. You can consume these stimulants in chewable tablets or liquid form. They begin to work quickly and last for three or four hours. Some people experience a problem when the medicine wears off, a phenomenon known as the “crash effect.” adult adhd medication results in an immediate decrease in energy and can cause extreme hunger. Long-acting stimulants (like dexamfetamine and Lisdexamfetamine) are also available. These are more complex and require prescriptions. They are injected into the bloodstream and are then converted from inactive active in red blood cells. It takes time to find the right medication, dosage and schedule for your child or you. Your doctor will be monitoring your response to the medication and look for any issues such as trouble sleeping. They will also advise you about non-stimulant medication for children or parents who are not responding well to stimulants. It is not advisable to discontinue or alter your ADHD medication without consulting your doctor first. It is also essential to inform your doctor about any over-the counter supplements or medications you're taking, as certain medications can interfere with certain ADHD medications. Long-acting stimulants For 70-80% of adults and children with ADHD stimulant medications are effective in decreasing hyperactivity, interrupting behaviour such as fidgeting, impulsivity and fidgeting. They also help improve focus and help people complete tasks and maintain relationships. However, they aren't able to alleviate moodiness or other irritable symptoms. They can also cause adverse effects such as sleepiness, loss of appetite nausea, jitteriness changes in heart rhythm and high blood pressure. These medicines work in phases, helping to treat ADHD symptoms throughout the daytime. Most begin to take effect within 30 to 45 minutes. They disappear within 3 to 6 hours. They can be used by themselves or with other types of ADHD treatment, like behavioral therapy. Some of these long acting stimulants, such as atomoxetine-ER (Intuniv) and guanfacine (Strattera), can be used all night long and last until the next day. Some doctors suggest taking these in the afternoon to prevent patients from needing additional medication during school or afterschool. Long-acting stimulants don't increase dopamine levels as much as short- and intermediate-acting drugs, but they do boost the levels of dopamine significantly. They don't have the same effects on rebound as shorter-acting stimulants. Long-acting stimulants, because of the potential side effects, are usually prescribed as a second treatment for adults suffering from ADHD and teens who are older. They are also employed to treat a few people suffering from ADHD in cases where other medications haven't been effective. Although medication can aid in improving concentration and self-control however, it's not the only option for those with ADHD. When combined with a healthy sleep routine and healthy eating habits, as well as other strategies for self-help, it's often possible to decrease or eliminate the need for ADHD medicine.